Which camera movement involves physically moving the camera toward a subject or away from it?

The correct answer, which involves physically moving the camera toward a subject or away from it, is the dolly movement. In video production, dolly shots are created by placing the camera on a wheeled platform, known as a dolly, which allows smooth movement along a track or ground. This technique is effective for maintaining focus on a subject as it creates a sense of depth and perspective, giving a more immersive experience to the viewer.

While other types of movements, such as tracking or zoom, also change the framing of a shot, they do so differently. A tracking shot typically involves moving the camera parallel to a subject, which means it doesn't necessarily move toward or away from the subject, but alongside it. Zooming, on the other hand, adjusts the focal length of the lens to magnify or reduce the view of the subject without physically moving the camera position in relation to the subject. Arc movement, meanwhile, describes a circular path around a subject rather than moving directly toward or away from it. Thus, among all the choices, dolly stands out for its direct physical movement towards or away from a subject.