What best describes the lighting characterized as very specific and direct on a subject?

The lighting that is characterized as very specific and direct on a subject is commonly referred to as "spotlighting" or "hard lighting." The term that captures the essence of this type of illumination is generally linked to the intensity and focus of the light on the subject.

Among the options you've encountered, "night lighting" often refers to the conditions and atmosphere of lighting present during nighttime, which can include various forms of illumination from ambient street lights, moonlight, or artificial sources. Although night lighting can often create dramatic visuals, it does not specifically denote the directness or specificity attributed to light directed at a subject.

In contrast, diffused lighting involves the scattering of light, creating a softer appearance, usually leading to minimal harsh shadows. Soft lighting mimics the quality of diffused lighting, presenting a gentle and wider light source, which again does not directly focus on the subject.

Aerial lighting primarily refers to the lighting techniques used for capturing subjects from above, such as bright overhead lighting, but does not inherently communicate the specificity or directness needed to define the scenario focused on illuminating subjects sharply and distinctly.

Understanding the characteristics of each type of lighting is crucial for effective video production and helps in selecting the right lighting technique based on the intended visual outcome.